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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders are frequently associated with ADHD. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, anxiety, and insomnia. The use of stimulants can ease these symptoms, but they can also cause side effects such as small growth reductions and tics in children and adolescents. Additionally, some people find their anxiety worsens when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are substances used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. You can find them in the form of tablets, capsules or chunky crystals. They are also available as a white or brown dust. Large doses of stimulants can cause over-stimulation and result in anxiety panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants can cause addiction and serious side effects such as heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. The drugs typically prescribed to treat ADHD are also proven to have a track record of relieving the symptoms of anxiety. They help by boosting brain chemicals such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This boosts the activity and communication of the parts of the brain that control attention and executive functions. This leads to an improvement in impulse control, and anxiety symptoms diminish. Research has shown that both atomoxetine and the methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults suffering from ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Improvement in anxiety symptoms was observed as early as the fourth week of treatment for both medications, and the benefit was maintained for 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to remember that the type medication that will be most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which disorder has the greatest impact on the quality of life of a person. An individual may experience many mini-crises that cause worry throughout the day as they rush to make appointments or finish tasks at school or at work. These can be distressing and cause anxiety more often than the symptoms of panic attacks or fear. In these cases, antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best choice to treat anxiety-related symptoms. They have been proven to be effective at decreasing anxiety levels in adults. Check This Out are usually taken orally and can take a bit longer to take effect, but the most popular options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. These can be taken as a supplement to cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety and are particularly beneficial if a patient has a racing heart or elevated blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs, which are antidepressants are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac is the first drug of this group, is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also able to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. These drugs are more versatile and have fewer side effects than older generations of antidepressants. The SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter inside the synapse and to signal the post synaptic cells more than would be the case in other circumstances. This can boost the output of norepinephrine which reduces anxiety symptoms. It may also lead to higher levels of the neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP), which stimulates protein production. Additionally, SSRIs may reduce impulsivity and reduce hyperactivity. They can also improve sleep quality and decrease agitation for some people with ADHD. However, these drugs can, increase the possibility of suicidal behavior and thoughts in some people. They can also trigger an increase in appetite and weight gain, particularly when they are first introduced. Another type of antidepressant, known as SNRIs, performs differently than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. Like SSRIs, they can affect anxiety, but they can also improve the functioning of the heart muscle and the blood vessels, which can decrease anxiety and stress. Some adults with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Venlafaxine, Duloxetine (Cymbalta), (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most common SNRIs. SNRIs could cause blood pressure to increase in some people, so those who suffer from high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease should stay clear of them. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed in addition to medication. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful in lowering stress and anxiety as can yoga and meditation. Some people find that tapping certain body points, or Emotional Freedom techniques helps reduce cortisol which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Exercise and diet can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can increase anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medicines Although stimulants are extremely effective at treating ADHD and have been extensively studied but they are not always the best option for those who suffer from anxiety and ADHD. These medications can trigger adverse effects such as jitteriness, rapid heart rate, and nervousness that may be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Non-stimulant medications are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase the heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related adverse reactions such as sweating, shaking, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can aid in improving attention and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. It has also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to determine whether atomoxetine reduced anxiety in children and adolescents with ADHD. Another medication that is effective in helping with anxiety symptoms is bupropion, which is a drug that targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is often advised for people who suffer from co-existing depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and decrease anxiety symptoms. It is usually an excellent idea to identify and treat the underlying cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD, as it will typically help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. It is common for kids with ADHD to experience issues with anxiety, and in a few instances, the anxiety is caused by their ADHD symptoms. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are usually the most effective treatments for anxiety in this type of situation. This is because these therapies target the root of the problem and help reduce ADHD symptoms which, in turn, decrease anxiety. Antidepressants can also be prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target the brain chemical Serotonin can alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately determine which medication is best for you. Before recommending a medication, they will consider your lifestyle, symptoms, age, along with other health issues. It is essential to discuss with your doctor your treatment goals and to stick to a regular schedule while taking any medication. Other options Based on your specific health objectives, there are additional treatments that could help you manage ADHD and anxiety. These include mindfulness meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques), sleep nutrition, exercise, and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to experience symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it difficult to treat both conditions at once. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, then non-stimulant medications like bupropion or atomoxetine for anxiety disorders. These medications work 24 hours a day and are not controlled substances as stimulants are.